Tajikistan

Which countries lead in budget openness and accountability? Which ones need improvement? Explore our data and recommendations for every assessed country.
Previous Years
2019 | 2021 | 2023
Open Budget Survey Results

Transparency

47

Public Participation

17

Oversight

52

Open Budget Survey 2025

Government budget decisions – what taxes to levy, what services to provide, and how much debt to take on – have important consequences for all people in society. When governments provide information and meaningful channels for the public to engage in these decisions, we can better ensure public money is spent on public interests.

Read more

 

The Open Budget Survey (OBS) is the world’s only independent, comparative and fact-based research instrument that uses internationally accepted criteria to assess public access to central government budget information; formal opportunities for the public to participate in the national budget process; and the role of budget oversight institutions, such as legislatures and national audit offices, in the budget process.

The survey helps local civil society assess and confer with their government on the reporting and use of public funds. This 10th edition of the OBS covers 82 countries.

Summary
Country Specific Assessments
Country summary EN
pdf, 240.92 KB
Questionnaire EN
pdf, 863.58 KB
47 /100

This part of the OBS measures public access to information on how the central government raises and spends public resources. It assesses the online availability, timeliness, and comprehensiveness of eight key budget documents using 109 equally weighted indicators and scores each country on a scale of 0 to 100. A transparency score of 61 or above indicates that a country is publishing a sufficient volume of budget information, and that this information provides meaningful coverage of core fiscal data, enabling the public to understand government budget decisions and supporting informed public debate on fiscal policy.

Transparency in Tajikistan compared to others

Global Average
45
Average - Asia & the Pacific
49
Kyrgyz Republic
69
Ukraine
65
Mongolia
64
Armenia
63
Tajikistan
47
China
19
Afghanistan
0
0
Insufficient
61
Sufficient
100

How has the transparency score for Tajikistan changed over time?

25
2015
30
2017
17
2019
16
2021
33
2023
47
2025
0
Insufficient
61
Sufficient
100

Public availability of budget documents in Tajikistan

Key
Available to the Public
Published Late, or Not Published Online, or Produced for Internal Use Only
None
Scroll
Document 2015 2017 2019 2021 2023 2025
Pre-Budget Statement
Executive’s Budget Proposal
Enacted Budget
Citizens Budget
In-Year Reports
Mid-Year Review
Year-End Report
Audit Report

How comprehensive is the content of the key budget documents that Tajikistan makes available to the public?

Key
61-100 / 100
41-60 / 100
1-40 / 100
Scroll
Key budget document Document purpose and contents Fiscal year assessed Document content score
Pre-Budget Statement Discloses the broad parameters of fiscal policies in advance of the Executive's Budget Proposal; outlines the government's economic forecast, anticipated revenue, expenditures, and debt. 2025 56
Executive’s Budget Proposal Submitted by the executive to the legislature for approval; details the sources of revenue, the allocations to ministries, proposed policy changes, and other information important for understanding the country's fiscal situation. 2025 54
Enacted Budget The budget that has been approved by the legislature. 2025 83
Citizens Budget A simpler and less technical version of the government's Executive’s Budget Proposal or the Enacted Budget, designed to convey key information to the public. 2025 50
In-Year Reports Include information on actual revenues collected, actual expenditures made, and debt incurred at different intervals; issued quarterly or monthly. 2023-24 59
Mid-Year Review A comprehensive update on the implementation of the budget as of the middle of the fiscal year; includes a review of economic assumptions and an updated forecast of budget outcomes. 2024 48
Year-End Report Describes the situation of the government's accounts at the end of the fiscal year and, ideally, an evaluation of the progress made toward achieving the budget's policy goals. 2023 Not Produced
Audit Report Issued by the supreme audit institution, this document examines the soundness and completeness of the government's year-end accounts. 2022 38

Tajikistan’s transparency score of 47 in the OBS 2025 is substantially higher than its score in 2023.

What changed in OBS 2025?

Tajikistan has increased the availability of budget information by:

Publishing the Mid-Year Review online.
Increasing the information provided in the Executive's Budget Proposal.
Increasing the information provided in the Pre-Budget Statement by expanding data on debt and data on expenditures.
However, Tajikistan has decreased the availability of budget information by:
No longer disaggregating expenditures by economic classification in the Executive’s Budget Proposal or its supporting documentation.

Recommendations

Tajikistan should prioritize the following actions to improve budget transparency:

Sustain and institutionalize the timely publication of the Year-End Report online, ensuring it is produced annually and in accordance with international good practices.
Include in the Executive's Budget Proposal more comprehensive disclosures of fiscal risks and macroeconomic forecast data, by strengthening the disclosure of transfers to public corporations, quasi-fiscal activities, asset information, expenditure arrears information, liabilities and fiscal sustainability information, contingent liabilities information, and sensitivity analysis detail.
Restore the publication of expenditures disaggregated by economic classification in the Executive’s Budget Proposal, in line with international good practices.
Publish the macroeconomic indicators produced by the Ministry of Economic Development and Trade alongside the Pre-Budget Statement.
Improve the comprehensiveness of the Audit Report by strengthening the disclosure of an executive summary and by publicly reporting concrete steps taken by the executive to address audit recommendations, beyond internal action plans.
Improve the comprehensiveness of the Mid-Year Review by enhancing disclosure of updated debt, revenue, expenditure, and program-level details for the remainder of the fiscal year, and by comparing original macroeconomic forecasts with actual outcomes.
17 /100

The OBS assesses the extent to which governments provide formal and meaningful opportunities for public participation across the different stages of the budget process. It examines participation practices used by the central government’s executive (including line ministries), the legislature, and the supreme audit institution (SAI), recognizing that engagement can occur across different institutions. Using 18 equally weighted indicators, the OBS evaluates whether these participation mechanisms are timely, inclusive, transparent, and responsive, in line with the Global Initiative for Fiscal Transparency (GIFT) Principles of Public Participation in Fiscal Policies . Each country is scored on a scale from 0 to 100, reflecting the strength of its formal public participation practices across institutions and throughout the budget process.

Tajikistan has a public participation score of 17 (out of 100).

Public participation in Tajikistan compared to others

Global Average
17
Average - Asia & the Pacific
18
Ukraine
41
Kyrgyz Republic
37
Mongolia
35
Armenia
19
Tajikistan
17
Afghanistan
0
China
0
0
Insufficient
61
Sufficient
100

For more information, see here  for innovative public participation practices around the world.

Extent of opportunities for public participation in the budget process

0
/100
Formulation
(executive)
0
/100
Approval
(legislature)
50
/100
Implementation
(executive)
0
/100
Audit
(supreme audit institution)
Key
0-40: Few
41-60: Limited
61-100: Adequate

Recommendations

Tajikistan's Ministry of Finance has established development councils during budget implementation but, to further strengthen public participation in the budget process, should also prioritize the following actions:

Pilot mechanisms to engage the public during budget formulation.
Actively engage with underrepresented communities, directly or through civil society organizations representing them.
Expand and strengthen the development council mechanism to more directly engage stakeholders in monitoring the implementation of the annual budget, including structured opportunities to provide feedback on budget execution and performance.

Tajikistan's Supreme Assembly (Majlisi Oli) should prioritize the following actions:

Allow members of the public or civil society organizations to testify during its hearings on the budget proposal prior to its approval.
Allow members of the public or civil society organizations to testify during its hearings on the Audit Report.

Tajikistan's Accounts Chamber should prioritize the following actions to improve public participation in the budget process:

Establish formal mechanisms for the public to assist in developing its audit program and to contribute to relevant audit investigations.
52 /100

The OBS examines the role that legislatures and supreme audit institutions (SAIs) play in overseeing the budget process, including how effectively they scrutinize budget proposals, monitor budget implementation and review government accounts. Using 18 equally weighted indicators, the OBS assesses the strength and independence of these oversight institutions and scores each country on a scale from 0 to 100. In addition, the survey collects supplementary information on the existence and role of independent fiscal institutions (IFIs), which can contribute to informed debate and enhanced oversight of fiscal policy (see box below).

The legislature and supreme audit institution in Tajikistan, together, provide limited oversight during the budget process, with a composite oversight score of 52 (out of 100). Taken individually, the extent of each institution’s oversight is shown below:

Legislative oversight

0
42
100
limited

Audit oversight

0
72
100
adequate
Key
0-40: Few
41-60: Limited
61-100: Adequate

Recommendations

Tajikistan's Supreme Assembly (Majlisi Oli) provides limited oversight during the planning stage of the budget cycle and weak oversight during the implementation stage. To improve oversight, the following actions should be prioritized:

The legislature should debate budget policy before the Executive’s Budget Proposal is tabled and approve recommendations for the upcoming budget.
The Executive’s Budget Proposal should be submitted to legislators at least two months before the start of the budget year.
Legislative committees should examine the Executive’s Budget Proposal and publish reports with their analysis online.
A legislative committee should examine in-year budget implementation and publish reports with their findings online.
In practice, ensure the legislature is consulted before the executive spends any unanticipated revenue or reduces spending due to revenue shortfalls.
A legislative committee should examine the Audit Report and publish a report with their findings online.

To strengthen independence and improve audit oversight by the Tajikistan Accounts Chamber, the following actions are recommended:

Ensure audit processes are reviewed by an independent agency.

The benefit of establishing independent fiscal institutions

Tajikistan does not have an independent fiscal institution (IFI). IFIs are widely recognized as valuable independent and nonpartisan information providers to the Executive and/or Parliament during the budget process.

*These indicators are *not* scored in the Open Budget Survey.

Methodology

Only documents published and events, activities, or developments that took place through 31 December 2024 were assessed in the OBS 2025.
 
The survey is based on a questionnaire completed in each country by an independent budget expert:
Uktam Dzhumaev
National expert on budget transparency and accountability
Luchob street 97, Dushanbe, Tajikistan
u.dzhumaev@gmail.com
To further strengthen the research, in Tajikistan the draft questionnaire is reviewed by a representative of the Ministry of Finance.
Past reports
Years
Language
Country summary EN
PDF, en
Questionnaire EN
PDF, en
Country summary RU
PDF, ru
Country summary EN
PDF, en
Questionnaire EN
PDF, en
Country summary RU
PDF, ru
Country summary EN
PDF, en
Questionnaire EN
PDF, en
Country summary RU
PDF, ru
Country summary EN
PDF, EN
Questionnaire EN
PDF, EN
Country summary RU
PDF, RU
Questionnaire EN
PDF, EN
Country summary EN
PDF, EN
Country summary RU
PDF, RU
Questionnaire EN
PDF, EN
Country summary EN
PDF, EN
Country summary RU
PDF, RU