Reference book and training manual addressed to public administrators in transitional economies, and in particular to officials with budgeting and policy-making responsibilities. It compiles the papers presented at the Multicountry Seminar in Ljubljana (April 1996) focusing on four major areas of the relationship between budgeting and policy-making: 1) a comprehensive look at the current state of theory, practice, solutions, trends, and outstanding problems; 2) preparation of policies and budgets, including legislative ratification; 3) implementation, evaluation, and control of policies and budgets; and 4) a review of the utilization of state-controlled enterprises and the administration of social security schemes.