This study examines how the funds allocated in the Nigerian national budget were spent on HIV/AIDS programs and how the Debt Relief Gains (DRGs) obtained in 2005 affected HIV/AIDS spending. The study analyzes the effect of the DRGs on the national budget and how those funds affected the budget of federal ministries. It also examined the implementation of HIV/AIDS programs in six particular ministries: the Federal Ministry of Health, the Federal Ministry of Women Affairs, the Federal Ministry of Labour and Productivity, the Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, the Federal Ministry of Education, and the Federal Ministry of Water Resources. The paper concludes with a summary of findings and a list of recommendations for both government and civil society. It is encouraged that civil society groups receive DRG funds and be allowed to participate more fully in the budgeting and implementation process.