Tanzania’s public debt has grown substantially over the past decade, driven primarily by external non-concessional borrowing to finance a major public infrastructure agenda, though the country is not classified as being in debt distress and holds a stable credit rating. The OBS Debt Accountability Module, completed by HakiElimu, assesses whether Tanzania has the transparency, participation, and oversight conditions needed for the public to hold the government accountable for debt management. The module reveals a mixed picture. While a Debt Management Division exists, a medium-term strategy is published annually, and quarterly debt reporting is regular, the Annual Borrowing Plan was only published after the fiscal year it covered had begun, key budget execution reports are not publicly available, Parliament did not examine debt strategy or borrowing plans in the last fiscal year, and public participation on debt remains indirect and underdeveloped. The module recommends establishing a statutory deadline requiring the Annual Borrowing Plan to be published before the fiscal year starts, improving the timeliness and sectoral detail of annual debt implementation reporting, institutionalizing parliamentary review of the debt strategy and borrowing plan before budget approval, and introducing dedicated public consultation channels focused specifically on debt and deficit decisions during both the formulation and approval stages of the budget.